Center Line Fault: Swipe an open hand across the centerline to indicate a centerline fault.Four Hits: Tap the top of the opposite forearm with the hand to signal a four-hit violation.Antenna Fault: Signal by extending both arms and pointing to the antenna to indicate an antenna fault.Double Contact: Hold one hand vertically above the other to show a double contact violation.Touch (Block or Attack): Flick fingers of one hand to signal a touch off a blocker or attacker.Ball Out: Signal with a hand moving outward to show that the ball is out of bounds.Ball In: Point towards the floor on the side where the ball landed to indicate an in-ball.Foot Fault: Tap the foot with the hand to indicate a foot fault during service.Net Fault: Extend arm straight up and then swipe the hand across the net to signal a net fault.Back-Row Attack: Signal a back-row attack with an open hand facing upward.Rotation Error: Circular motion with one hand over the other to indicate a rotation error.Substitution: Pointing at the player entering the game.Side Out: Both arms extended to the side to signal a side out.Point Awarded: One arm raised to indicate which team scored.Here’s a detailed cheat sheet of common volleyball referee hand signals: There are over 20 official signals for various rulings and game situations.

Key signals include point (1 arm raised), side out (both arms), and substitution (pointing). In volleyball, referees use hand signals to communicate decisions.

Volleyball hand signals ref